In the case of non-infinite magnetic permeability of the magnetic core material, the magnetizing current iu is necessary for the setup of the flux linkage. However, independently from the magnetizing current, the proportion of the primary to the secondary side voltage is only defined by the winding ratio.

The sinusoidal primary voltage u1 results in a sinusoidal magnetic flux with a 90 degree phase shift (second Maxwell equation). The flux change induces a secondary voltage u2 which is also sinusoidal. Dependent on the secondary side load, a current i2 results. This current i2 is sinusoidal in case of a linear load (e.g. resistive-inductive). If the non-linear magnetic core material saturates, the primary side current i1 is distorted.

• Drag the red time slider to track the state of the magnetization on the non-linear B(H)-characteriastic.
• Change the frequency by dragging the red point on voltage waveform u1(t). Lower frequency results in core saturation and current distortion. High frequency allows for volume reduction of transformers.
• Increase primary side voltage u1 to saturate the magnetic core. This will distort the magnetization current iu and current i1.
• Change the winding number N2 in order to change the winding ratio, and the amplitude of voltage u2 and of all the currents.
• Change the resistive and inductive components of the load. An increased inductive and a reduced resistive load component results in higher current i2 with a phase shift against voltage u2.
• Set parameters in order to create the maximum distortion of currents iu and i1.